According to this belief, bha stands for bhava (feelings, emotions), ra stands for raga (melody, framework for musical notes), and ta stands for tala (rhythm). There is an alternative belief that the word Bharata is a mnemonic, consisting of 'bha'РІР‚вЂњ'ra'РІР‚вЂњ'ta'. The term Bharata is believed to be named after the famous performance art sage to whom the ancient Natya Shastra is attributed. The term Bharatanatyam is a compound of two words, Bharata and Natyam. Р”Сћ.1 Devadasis, anti-dance movement, colonial ban and the declineР”Сћ.2 Post colonial era: revival and rebirthР”Р€.3 Vocal Aspects and Musical InstrumentsР”В¤ Modern revival: schools and training centers Modern stage productions of Bharatanatyam have incorporated technical performances, pure dance based on non-religious ideas and fusion themes. It was banned by the colonial British government in 1910, but the Indian community protested against the ban and expanded it outside the temples in the 20th century. Р”В«haratanatyam remained exclusive to Hindu temples through the 19th century. The performance repertoire of Bharatanatyam, like other classical dances, includes nrita (pure dance), nritya (solo expressive dance) and natya (group dramatic dance). The dance has traditionally been a form of an interpretive narration of mythical legends and spiritual ideas from the Hindu texts. The dance is accompanied by music and a singer, and typically her guru is present as the director and conductor of the performance and art. Р”В«haratanatyam style is noted for its fixed upper torso, legs bent or knees flexed out combined with spectacular footwork, a sophisticated vocabulary of sign language based on gestures of hands, eyes and face muscles. Bharatanatyam may be the oldest classical dance tradition of India. Р”В«haratanatyam's theoretical foundations trace to the ancient Sanskrit text by Bharata Muni, Natya Shastra, its existence by 2nd century CE is noted in the ancient Tamil epic Silappatikaram, while temple sculptures of 6th to 9th century CE suggest it was a well refined performance art by mid 1st millennium CE. Traditionally, Bharatanatyam has been a solo dance that was performed exclusively by women, and it expressed South Indian religious themes and spiritual ideas, particularly of Shaivism,Vaishnavism and Shaktism. A Bharatanatyam performer in Toronto expressing a part of a play with hand and facial gesture, in the dance's distinctive bent leg position.Р”В«haratanatyam (TamilР’В : 'Р°В®Р„Р°В®В°Р°В®В¤Р°В®РЃР°В®С•Р°В®СџР°Р‡РЊР°В®СџР°В®С—Р°В®Р‡Р°В®В®Р°Р‡РЊ') also historically called Sadir, is a major genre of Indian classical dance that originated in Tamil Nadu.

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